About the guideline
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This guideline is for generating transcription (en) which is underlying work for English to Korean translation, and it is applied to the projects (generating English subtitles-transcription) selected from Minglo.
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Please generate transcription under the client guideline if you received a project (request to generate subtitles) with an extra client guideline from PM.
Tips to utilize the guideline
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You can go to the applicable contents by clicking each item of [Index].
•
You can easily search with [Navigation (Ctrl+F)] when you want to find something.
•
•
Some items are crossed out with [strikethrough] since the contents are not applicable to this target language.
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Please follow the Glossary(Client Glossary) when the notation of this guideline and of the glossary added in Editor (Client Glossary) are different.
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You can type sentences to embellish for making them to be read naturally without the unclear sections. You can read more details about it on [Chapter 5. Read - [1] Other Things].
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You can read documents more conveniently by utilizing ‘Outline (Pop up the Index on the top right)’, ‘Back to Top’ etc. when you Install Google Chrome Extension [Notion Boost]. (Click to Install)
[FYI] This page is optimized for PC screens.
[Read] Copyright of this production collateral belongs to the Company, also it is not able to use except for translation tasks of the Company. Notify that any acts that violate the Copyright Act such as pirating and reproduction without permission, sharing, will be accused of criminal charge.
Guideline
Chapter 1. The Basic of Generating Transcription
[1] Scope and Types of Work
1.
Work Scope
a.
Generating transcription includes both tasks shown below.
i.
Transcription
ii.
Generating Timecode
2.
Types of Transcription
a.
Voice transcription : Transcriptions displaying at the same time of the beginning of dialogues, that type only dialogues (speaking from video).
b.
On-screen Text transcription: Transcriptions displaying at the same time of the beginning of showing on-screen texts, that type only on-screen texts (text inserted on video).
c.
Voice + On-screen text transcription : Transcriptions displaying at the same time of the beginning of dialogues / on-screen text, that type dialogues and on-screen texts that display at the same time.
3.
Work Criteria and Types of Transcriptions
a.
Voice based Task
i.
Task type: Caption Voice
ii.
Generating only audio transcription
b.
On-screen based task
i.
Task type: Caption Screen
ii.
Generate only on-screen transcription
c.
Voice + On-screen text based Task
i.
Task type: Caption Voice Screen
ii.
Generate voice transcription, on-screen transcription, voice + on-screen transcription
[2] Principles of Work
1.
Accuracy
a.
Subtitles are information that displays video through texts.
b.
Subtitles must deliver the information from video clearly and precisely.
c.
Subtitles may make viewers to understand the plot of the video just by reading subtitles.
2.
Timeliness
a.
Subtitles must be displayed in right time to deliver information.
b.
Subtitles shouldn’t make viewers sour on watching video by delivering subtitles information earlier than video information(video content).
3.
Readability
a.
Subtitles must be displayed to be easy to read for viewers.
b.
Build [Guideline for Generating Transcription] to regulate orthography, etc. for better readability.
c.
It may prioritize information to be delivered and type them selectively for better readability. However, it must be selected under the regulation decided by the guideline.
d.
It may prioritize the time of appearing subtitles by considering readability. However, it must be selected under the regulation decided by the guideline.
[3] Goals of Work
1.
Accuracy: Delivering precise information.
a.
Generate transcriptions to be the base of the translation.
b.
Generate translated subtitles by translating contents of the transcription.
c.
Generate subtitles to contain the information(dialogues and on-screen text) precisely that foreign viewers must understand from video.
d.
Beware of not to be inaccurate subtitles by typos, incorrect typing(inconsistency of dialogue with subtitles) an omission.
e.
Write the same the terms which are mentioned so that subtitles deliver precise information.
2.
Timeliness: Displaying in right time
a.
Generate subtitles to be displayed at the same time of speaking dialogue and displaying on-screen texts as much as possible.
b.
Try not to be a spoiler by displaying subtitles in inappropriate time.
3.
Readability: Being easy to read
a.
Generate subtitles under orthography, typing style, transcription format regulate by [Guideline for transcription].
[4] Work Ethics
1.
Fully aware of the guideline and abide by it.
2.
Must watch the video when generating transcription.
3.
Must check a Glossary(Client Glossary) from the video producer(client) and write proper noun under the notation from the Glossary(Client Glossary).
4.
Must abide by orthography to generate transcription unless the video producer(client) makes a spelling mistake on purpose.
5.
Must check the spelling/word spacing submitting so that never make any typos.
6.
Make sure that the transcription is generated to correspond to intention of the producer by checking the entire transcription before submitting it.
7.
Do not type dialogue or on-screen text by changing them arbitrarily.
8.
Do not skip or omit dialogues/on-screen texts arbitrarily.
9.
Do not arbitrarily add any contents that not contained the video.
10.
Generate transcriptions under work scope, principles of work, goals of work and work ethic. If there are issues caused by generating transcriptions without following the items mentioned above, the person who generated the transcriptions shall recognize that is responsible for them and settle them.
11.
Do not leak or copy and reproduce without permission, redistribute the information(client information, work schedule, a statement of work from a specific client, video, information contained the video, etc.) which is equivalent to copyright. If there are issues caused by actions that mentioned above such as leaking information, etc., the person who generated the subtitles shall recognize that is responsible for it.
Chapter 2. Format
[1] Timecode
1.
Voice Transcription
a.
Set the in / out-cue of timecodes to synchronize with the start/end points of dialogues much as possible.
b.
However, time of subtitles display duration may be increased by adjusting out-point of timecode within 1 second for better readability. The adjusted timecode must not affect on the in-cue of the next subtitles.
(ex) Set the out-point of timecode 0.5 sec longer than the end point of dialogue.
2.
On-screen Transcription
a.
Set the in/out-cue of timecode to synchronize with the start/end points of dialogues much as possible.
b.
However, time of subtitles display duration may be increased by adjusting out-point of timecode within 1sec for better readability. The adjusted timecode must not affect on the in-point of the next subtitles.
(ex) Set the out-point of timecode 0.5sec longer than the end point of displaying on-screen text.
3.
When on-screen text and dialogue display at the same time(voice + on-screen transcription)
a.
Set the timecode following b ~ c shown bellow to type dialogue and on-screen text on one subtitle.
b.
Set the in/out-cue of timecode to synchronize with the start/end points of on-screen text as much as possible.
c.
However, if the start/end point of on-screen text is more natural by cases, then set to synchronize with on-screen text. In this case, 2.b may be applied for better readability.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[2] Subtitles Duration
1.
Minimum Duration
a.
The minimum subtitles duration is 1 second per subtitle event.
2.
Maximum Duration
a.
The maximum subtitles duration is 7 seconds per subtitle event.
b.
However, it is just a standard for maximum duration so, don’t generate subtitles to be displayed for 7 sec unnaturally without considering meaning of dialogue or text.
3.
Recommended Duration
a.
Generate subtitles by meaning of dialogue or text and recommend to display for 2.5~4 sec on average.
[3] Character Limitation
1.
Maximum 55 characters per line including space(word-spacing).
2.
Do not generate subtitles just to match the maximum number without considering meaning of dialogue or text since 1. shown above is just a standard of maximum number. Generate subtitles to be a unit to make sense when translating dialogues in English into Korean.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
3.
Do not break a line by cutting off a last word of a sentence or generate two lined subtitles to fit into the maximum number of characters per line. Read more about line-break at [Chapter 2. Transcription Format-[6] Line Treatment 2. Line-break]
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[4] Reading Speed(CPS)
1.
YouTube content doesn’t require additional limitation on CPS (Character Per Second).
[5] On-screen Text
1.
Typing Format
a.
Type on-screen text in square brackets([ ]).
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
b.
Typed on-screen text locates on the top(top line of subtitles).
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
c.
If there are more than two on-screen texts, use slash (/) to distinguish them and add space(word-spacing) in the front and the back of Slash.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
d.
Type parentheses(( )) as well if they are used to add an additional explanation in on-screen text.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
e.
Replace square brackets which used for indicating on-screen text with square brackets. That means, do not use Square Brackets twice but only once.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
f.
Type abided by the official notation unless the video producer makes spelling mistakes on purpose. Especially, use small letters and capital letter same as displayed the on-screen text and do not change them arbitrary.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
On-screen Text to Type
a.
Must type every edited text (generated by video editor) displays on the screen just as it displayed.
b.
However, do not type the texts which are unable to represent with subtitles (such as huge amount of texts, recipe, emojis, etc.) among edited texts.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
3.
On-screen Text to Not Type
a.
Do not type texts correspond to 2.b above among edited texts.
b.
Do not type meaningless texts(exclamation, filler words, background sounds, laughing sound) among edited texts.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
c.
Do not type texts(background texts, signs, PPT in a lecture, handwriting, conversation from messenger, a menu etc.) besides edited texts.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
d.
Do not type the names of speakers (the names of speakers which displayed in each subtitle on entertainment programs by Idols) displayed in subtitles.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
e.
Do not type a logo of a program displays on the top left. Read more about it at [Chapter 3. Notation - [10] Title/Logo].
4.
When dialogue and on-screen text display at the same time (Voice + On-screen text based Task)
a.
Do not type on-screen text but only dialogue if the dialogues and the on-screen text say the same contents. (It doesn’t mean just identical letters but contents of on-screen text and dialogue, which means their meaning is same.)
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
b.
Type on-screen text and dialogue together in one subtitle if the dialogue and the on-screen text contains different contents(when they have different meaning). Type on-screen text in the top line and type dialogue in the bottom line.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[6] Line Treatment
1.
Number of Subtitles Lines
a.
In principle, subtitles should be displayed in one line.
b.
Subtitles may display as a maximum of two lines under 2.a~b shown below. However, a maximum of three lines may be allowed only when including one line for on-screen text.
2.
Line Break
a.
In principle, do not divide dialogue of one speaker into two lines, but we recommend to divide into two lines for better readability if there are more than 25 letters in one line .
i.
Break off by a units of a sentence /a paragraph / meaning when dividing subtitles into two lines.
ii.
The number of letters in upper line and lower line needs to be similar.
iii.
Try not to have more letters in upper lines than lower lines.
iv.
Recommend to divide subtitles at the points shown bellow when breaking off them in the middle of a sentence / a paragraph.
1.
After punctuation mark
2.
Before conjunction
v.
Try not to divide subtitles at the points shown bellow when breaking off them in the middle of a sentence / a paragraph.
1.
Noun used with article
2.
Noun used with adjective
3.
First name and Last name
b.
On-Screen Text subtitles and Voice subtitles must be distinguished by line breaking. In this case, on-screen text must locate on the upper line(the top line) of subtitles.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
c.
Break lines to distinguish two different speakers when their conversation is displayed in one subtitle. Read more about it at [Chapter 2. Format-[7] Multiple Speakers]
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[7] Multiple Speakers
1.
When two speakers have conversation, type by weaving two dialogues together. In this case, break lines to type each dialogue from each speaker in each line and use a hyphen(-) at each dialogue to distinguish speakers. Must add space(word-spacing) after a hyphen(-).
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
Do not write the speaker’s name in subtitles when multiple speakers have conversation. Distinguish speakers using hyphen as it regulated in 1 above.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
3.
If there are more than three speakers, weave dialogues of two speakers together to make them as one subtitle.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
4.
Type dialogues from upper line in the order as they are spoken. In this case, do not type dialogues in one subtitle by gathering them by speakers.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[8] Repetitive Dialogue / Text
1.
When the same speaker repeats the same terms or phrases or same on-screen text is displayed repeatedly display, type them just once.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
Timecode Setting
a.
Set the in-cue of timecode at the start point of a first word or paragraph, out-cue of timecode at the end point of a repetitive word.
[9] Continuous Dialogue / Text
1.
Do not use Ellipsis (…) at the end of first subtitles or start of next subtitles, when typing a dialogue of one speaker or on-screen text through more than two subtitles.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
Use capital letters at the beginning of the first subtitles and use small letter at the beginning of the coming subtitles, when typing a dialogue of one speaker or on-screen text through more than two subtitles.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[10] Subtitles Position
1.
Place subtitles on the bottom center of the screen due to the features of YouTube content and do not adjust it.
Chapter 3. Notation
[1] Punctuation Marks
1.
Read About : Available punctuation marks
a.
Use available punctuation marks only for the purpose that decided by guideline(Table) shown bellow.
b.
Do not replace each other between available punctuation marks. (ex) Period → displace by Comma (X)
c.
Take a notice of not to add space (Enter or word spacing) after using period at the end of a sentence.
d.
Use pertinent punctuations at the end of every sentence under the standard by American English.
2.
Read About : Unavailable punctuation marks
a.
Do not use unavailable punctuation marks in any cases.
b.
If it’s necessary to use unavailable punctuation marks, displace to another available punctuation marks that stated at [1. Read About : Available punctuation marks]. In this case, use the most suitable punctuation marks for target language.
c.
Musical Notes can be used only for generating SDH subtitles and do not use except for this case.
Table
Search
[2] Quote & Emphasize
1.
Quote
a.
Type using quotation marks(“ ”) when a speaker quotes other’s dialogue or says various titles (movie title, title of a tv program, album title, a song title, title of work, etc.).
b.
Use quotation marks at the beginning of first subtitle and the end of last subtitle when typing one quotation through multiple subtitles.
c.
Use single quotation marks(‘ ‘) when quoting another dialogue in a quotation.
d.
Use period(.) or comma(,) right in front of a closing quotation mark. (ex) "Knives out,"
e.
Use question mark(?) and exclamation mark(!) in quotation marks when quoting exclamatory sentences or questionary sentences, and use them to be out of quotation marks if the entire sentence is exclamatory or questionary.
2.
Emphasize
a.
Type the dialogue which is spoken with an ‘Air quotes’ gesture made by curling the first two fingers at eye level in quotation marks.
3.
Exception
a.
Do not follow 2~3 shown above when typing quotations and emphatic dialogue displaying as on-screen text but type them same as the on-screen text.
[3] Proper Noun
1.
Utilize Glossary(Client Glossary) Notation
a.
Check the notation of [Glossary-Client] which is added in right sidebar of Editor and apply it to type proper noun.
b.
If there isn’t any glossary, type under 2~5 shown below.
2.
Utilize Official Notation
a.
Type names, names of places, brands, copyright etc. by official English notation. Search them in reputable official portal site to use. .
b.
If there isn’t official English notation for the proper noun, use the most widely using expression (the most searched one on the reputable portal site) found by web searching.
c.
If it isn’t able to find it even by web searching, transcribe the word in English. Read more about it at [Chap.6. Reference-[1] Link-1.] , etc. to transcribe proper noun related to Korean culture(nature, cultural heritage, food, etc.) correctly.
3.
Censor
a.
Transcribe names of brands that spoken without censor them and do not simplify as common noun.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
b.
Use Asterisk (*) to censor the part of the censored words/names of brands (blocked by beep sounds, muted).
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
4.
Exception
a.
Do not follow 2~3 shown above when typing proper noun displaying as on-screen text but type them same as the on-screen text.
[4] Name & Appellation
1.
Name
a.
Transcribe names when generating voice subtitles.
b.
Type as the displayed on-screen text when generating video subtitles.
2.
Appellation
a.
Transcribe appellations when generating voice subtitles.
b.
Type as the displayed on-screen text when generating video subtitles.
[5] Number
1.
Cardinal Number
a.
Write in alphabets from 1 to 10. (ex) one, two, three
b.
Use Arabic numerals from 11. (ex) 11, 12, 13
c.
Write in alphabets as far as possible when a sentence begins with cardinal number. (ex) Thirty pages
2.
Ordinal Number
a.
Write in alphabets from the first to the tenth. (ex) first, second, third
b.
Write '-th', '-st', '-nd' in small letters after Arabic numerals from 11. (ex) 11th, 12th, 13th
c.
Write in alphabet as far as possible when a sentence begins with ordinal number. (ex) Twelfth night
3.
Score
a.
Use Arabic numerals to indicate score of sports, competition, game, quiz, etc. It may use Semicolon in this case. (ex) 3:3
4.
Value
a.
Indicate value with measurement unit by selecting pertinentpertinent.) number between alphabet and Arabic numeral considering the number of letters and readability.
5.
Currency
a.
Indicate currency by using Arabic numerals and must use Comma (,) to indicate more than 4 digits numbers. (ex) 50,000
b.
Use 'million', 'billion', 'trillion' from a million unit.
6.
Age
a.
Indicate age in alphabets. (ex) I am in my fifties.
7.
Exception
a.
Do not follow 1~5 shown above when typing numbers displaying as on-screen text but type them same as the on-screen text.
b.
It may indicate by using Arabic numerals exceptionally if exceeding the maximum numbers of letters per line when indicating numbers in alphabets.
[6] Date & Time
1.
Date
a.
Indicate month in alphabets and date in Arabic numerals. (ex) October 28th
b.
Indicate year in Arabic numerals.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
Time
a.
Indicate time in Arabic numerals.
b.
Use a colon to indicate specific time. (ex) 9:30 a.m.
c.
Use small letters to indicate ante meridiem(morning) and post meridiem (afternoon) and distinguish with periods. (ex) a.m. / p.m.
3.
Exception
a.
Do not follow 1~2 shown above when typing date or time displaying as on-screen text but type them same as the on-screen text.
b.
It may indicate by using Arabic numerals exceptionally if exceeding the maximum numbers of letters per line when indicating date and time in alphabet.
[7] Unit
1.
Monetary Unit
a.
Do not convert monetary unit but use the original monetary unit.
b.
Do not indicate monetary unit with KRW, USD, etc. but indicate with wons, dollars, etc.
2.
Measurement Unit
a.
Do not convert measurement unit (weight, volume, etc.) unless there is an extra request from a client (company).
b.
Do not abbreviate measurement unit and indicate as it is. (ex) inches, feet, pounds
3.
Exception
a.
Do not follow 1~2 shown above when typing to indicate various units displaying as on-screen text but type them same as the on-screen text.
[8] Song
1.
Song Title, Name of a Singer
a.
Voice Subtitles
i.
Type a song title or singer’s name by the notation of lyric script from the Glossary(Client) added in the right sidebar when they are spoken.
ii.
Type by the [Chapter 3. Notation-[3] Proper Noun-2. Utilize Official Notation], if there aren’t Glossary or lyric script.
iii.
Do not type anything else but only a song titles and singer’s name in English.
b.
On-screen Text Subtitles
i.
Type a song title or singer’s name same as they displayed on-screen.
ii.
Do not type anything else but only a song titles and singer’s name in English.
2.
Lyrics
a.
Voice Subtitles
i.
Type song lyrics only when the Glossary(Client) added in the right sidebar contains lyric script. If not, don't type song lyrics even a speaker sings.
ii.
Do not type song lyrics as a speaker's singing but as the lyric script of the section.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
iii.
Do not type anything else but only song lyrics in English.
b.
On-screen Text Subtitles
i.
On-screen text with lyric script
1.
Type song lyrics as the lyric script. In this case, keep typing as the lyric script even some words and phrase are difference with on-screen text. .
2.
Do not type anything else but only song lyrics in English.
ii.
On-screen text without lyric script
1.
Type song lyrics as they displayed on-screen.
2.
Do not type anything else but only song lyrics that display on-screen in English.
[9] Foreign Language
1.
Voice
a.
Do not type foreign language that requires extra translation/retranslation but only dialogue spoken in English..
b.
However, if English dialogue contains a foreign word or phrase, transcribe(type as they sound) them language in English.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
On-screen
a.
Do not type foreign language that requires extra translation/retranslation but only on-screen text in English.
b.
However, if English on-screen text contains a foreign word or phrase, transcribe(type as they sound) them language in English/
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[10] Program Title / Logo
1.
Program Title
a.
Voice Subtitles
i.
Type title of album, movie, TV program, radio program, etc. in quotation marks (" ") when they are spoken.
ii.
Use official expressions or well-known expressions for titles of albums, movies, TV programs, etc. Read more about it at [Chapter 3. Notation-[3] Proper Noun-2. Utilize Official Notation].
iii.
Try to type a title in one subtitle and it may exceed the maximum number of subtitles and maximum number of letters per line.
b.
On-screen Text Subtitles
i.
Type various title that displayed as on-screen text. In this case, indicate unavailable punctuation marks(especially, kinds of quotation marks) same way as a. shown above.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
2.
Program Logo
a.
Voice Subtitles
i.
Not Applicable
b.
On-screen Text Subtitles
i.
Do not type a logo or title that indicates the name of a program which displays on the top left/right of the screen during the whole running time of the program.
ii.
However, type a program logo that displays as an insert (displays in the middle of screen) for changing scenes.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[11] Annotation
1.
Do not annotate with parentheses, semicolon, etc.
(ex) Click the Left Triangle
[12] Abbreviation / Acronym
1.
Abbreviation (a shortened form of a word or phrase)
a.
Abbreviations may be indicated only under the notation shown below. Distinguish capital letters and small letters when using them and must use period.
•
A.D. - Anno Domini
•
B.C. - Before Christ
•
a.m. - ante meridian
•
p.m.- post meridian
•
Mr. - Mister
•
Mrs. - Missus
•
Dr. - Doctor
•
Prof. - Professor
•
e.g. - exampli gratia
•
i.e. - id est
•
etc. - et cetera
•
vs. - Versus
2.
Acronym (a word formed from the first letters of each one of the words in a phrase)
a.
Do not use a period between letters to when using acronym (formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word). (ex) UNICEF // UNESCO (O) U.N.I.C.E.F // U.N.E.S.C.O (X)
3.
Exception
a.
Do not follow 1~2 shown above when typing to indicate abbreviation and acronym displaying as on-screen text but type them same as the on-screen text.
[13] Font Format
Not Applicable
Chapter 4. Typing Style
[1] Grammar
1.
Type dialogue and on-screen text abiding by grammar and try not to make omissions and errors.
2.
However, do not correct grammatical errors in dialogue and on-screen text if they are wrong on purpose just type as they are. Also, do not correct when a non-native English speaker speaks dialogues with grammatical errors just type as they are.
[2] Word-Spacing
1.
Do not add space (word spacing) at the beginning and end of the subtitles.
[3] Speaking Formally / Casually Setting
Not Applicable
[4] Chinese Characters
Not Applicable
[5] Exclamation / Filler Words
1.
Voice Subtitles
a.
Do not type meaningless exclamation and filler words, background sounds and laughter. Especially, do not type sounds of laughter as LOL, etc. (ex) Um, Uh-oh, yay! etc.
2.
On-screen text Subtitles
a.
Do not type meaningless exclamation and filler words, background sounds and laughter that displaying as on-screen text.
[6] Onomatopoeia / Ideophone
1.
Type onomatopoeia and ideophone precisely to not make omissions and errors.
[7] Slang / Profanity
1.
Type slang and profanity same as the speaker said. Type slang and profanity displayed as on-screen text also same as the on-screen text.
2.
Use asterisks (*) to censor slang and profanity in subtitles if some parts of slang and profanity are mutes/blocked by 'beep' sound or already displayed as censored on-screen text.
3.
Use asterisks (*) to censor slang and profanity to generate subtitles if some parts of slang and profanity are mutes/blocked by 'beep' sound or already displayed as censored on-screen text. (ex) F**k you!
[8] Warned / Banned Expression
Not Applicable
[9] Pun
Not Applicable
Chapter 5. Read More
[1] Other Things
1.
If the notation of this guideline and the Glossary (Client Glossary) are different, follow the Glossary (Client Glossary).
2.
Type only audible contents within the scope of not distorting meaning of the section( scope of won’t change meaning when translating into other languages) which is unable to listen dialogues clearly. Typing unavailable punctuation marks(???, ?!, etc.) or unrelated message(don’t know, not audible require customer confirmation, etc.) are not allowed in any cases.
3.
If a script added in Editor, utilize it only for reference when typing. Must type by listening dialogues from video since there are lots of difference between the script and actual dialogues.
Chapter 6. Reference
[1] Link
1.
Related to Korean Culture (refer to notation when transcribing proper noun in English)
a.
Korea Tourism Organization, Menu in Foreign Languages: https://kto.visitkorea.or.kr/kor/ktom/menupan/menupan/menuName_search.kto
b.
Road Name Address (Search Road Name Address in Korean/English): http://www.juso.go.kr/openIndexPage.do